Deep-sea earthquakes fuel huge plankton blooms in Antarctica
Eighteen hundred meters below Antarctica’s Southern Ocean, a volcanic ridge lined by hydrothermal vents burbles in the dark. As these vents belch out scalding water rich with iron and other compounds, they nourish the microscopic plankton that krill and other crustaceans eat, sustaining a food web that culminates in larger predators such as penguins, seals, and whales.
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